Food dispensing apparatus



I United States Patent [111 3,536,236

[72] Inventor Ben E. Rumusson 1,719,806 7/1929 Jeffrey et a1. 141/284 12510 SE 62nd Place, Bellevue, 2,729,193 1/1956 Scholl 1 18/202 Washington 98004 3,218,994 1 1/ 1965 Valentyne 222/381 PP 792,598 Primary Examiner-Walter A. Scheel Flled f: 1969 Assistant Examiner Robert I. Smith DIVISIOII of Ser. No. 555,810, June 7, 1966. Ammey GraybeaL C 01 e and Barnard [45] Patented Oct. 27, 1970 [$4] fgl2i: l ;i ABSTRACT: Food mix dispensing apparatus comprising a s, raw ng gs.

carriage mounted hopper with plural piston cavities below the [S2] U.S. Cl. hopper. Piston means reciprocate in the cavities and dispense 107/83 l41/129 metered amounts of conglomerate food mix through nozzle Int. means at the end of the cavities The hopper and associated [50] Field of Search 222/381. dispensing mechanism heated to maintain the mix i plastic I291 9 161 23 I state and facilitate positive delivery of the mix without crush- 253; 118/410 202 ing any fragile constituent thereof such as puffed or toasted cereals nut meat, and the like. The dis ensin a aratus is [56] References Cmd especially adapted for use in the autom ated f rnii r ig of un- UNITED STATES PATENTS frozen food products on equipments conventionally used to 523,553 7/1894 Stickney 222/381 form stick embedded frozen confections and the like,

Patented Oct. 27, 1970 Sheet BEN 5.

INVENTOR. RASMl/SSON Patented Oct. 21, 1970 3,536,236

Sheet 3 01'6 Patented Oct. 27, 1970 4 ore Sheet I N VILN'I ()R. BEN 5. F/{S'MUSSON Patented Oct. 27, 1970 Sheet (M. 4 Ivan/6X5 Patented Oct. 27, 1970 Sheet REQES FOOD DISPENSING APPARATUS CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a divisional of applicants U.S. Pat. applihydrogenated vegetable oils in combination with flours,

' starches, stabilizers and the like; so-called heat-and-eat mated Forming of Molded, Nonrefrigerated Food Products, Feeder Mechanism Therefor, and Products Formed Thereby. U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 792,326 also a divisional of said U.S. Pat. application No. 555,810, and entitled Food Molding Machine And Associated Filling Mechanism, was also filed Jan. 21, 1969.

The present invention relates in general to food dispensing apparatus adapted for use in the automated forming of unfrozen food products such as confections and the like on equipments conventionally used to form stick embedded frozen confections, such as the type of equipment disclosed in Rasmusson U.S. Pat. No. 3,031,978 and known as the Vitaline. The dispensing apparatus comprises a carriage mounted hopper with plural piston cavities below the hopper. Piston means reciprocate in the cavities and inject metered amounts of conglomerate food mix through nozzle means at the ends of the cavities. The hopper and associated dispensing mechanism has heat transfer means to maintain the mix in plastic state and facilitate dispensing of the mix without crushing any fragile constituent thereof such as puffed or toasted cereals, nut meats, and the like.

Frozen confections are now commonly manufactured on a variety of equipments, such as the Vitaline, Gram, Nelson and Polarmatic equipments. In general, these equipments conventionally involve delivery of a liquid mix into molds, then freezing of the mix in the molds in a cooling section, with the frozen products being released from the molds by brief heating of the molds, the formed frozen confections then being withdrawn from the molds by means of withdrawal of the sticks embedded therein.

At present, many such frozen confection making equipments are used only seasonally in that the market for frozen confections is seasonal to a great extent. A related object and purpose of the present invention is to provide dispensing apparatus for use in conjunction with such equipments whereby these equipments can be used during the off-season or can be operated at full capacity any time not needed for production of frozen confections, to manufacture unfrozen food products on an automated basis. It is a further object and purpose of the present invention to provide a food mix dispenser mechanism capable of nondestructively delivering measured amounts of a conglomerate plastic food mix, even if the mix includes fragile particles such as puffed or toasted cereals, nut meats, or the like. Food mixes dispensed by the apparatus of the present invention are typically characterized by the presence of a preponderant quantity of solid or semisolid food particles such as dried cereals, dried fruits, freeze-dried fruits, nuts, nut meats, grains, puffed grains, precooked meat, and the like, together with an uncooked fluid binding agent which is liquid above about body temperature and solid at room temperature, which may be composed of a mixture including selected vegetable oils having a flow point of about 96F, liquid slurries of reconstituted milk solids, flours, starches, sugar and/or cocoa, with lecithin stabilizers, hydrolized yeast, emulsifiers, flavoring and the like, the binding agent being present in sufficient quantity to coat each food particle at least lightly. Various types of food mixes are contemplated, such as mixes to form; (1) cookie type products wherein the particulated food particles include puffed or aerated cereals, and in which the binder can be so-called confectioners compound coating having a melting point of about 96F. or slightly higher; (2) candy type products wherein the solid particles'are preformed candies, marshmallows or creams, together with the indicated binding agent; (3) candy type products withor without included solid or fragile particles, such as nougats, fondants; (4) parlor snacks, wherein the food particles are meat, bread, grains, nuts and the like and in which the binder may be snacks, wherein the particulated food particles are precooked meat particles with a fluid binder'which may be vegetable oils, aqueous slurries of reconstituted egg solids, starches or gums, or the like; and (6) raw, uncooked meats wherein the fluid binder is the natural meat juices, either alone or in combination with an added fluid binder such as above recited in connection with precooked meat mixes.

It is a further object and advantage of the present invention to provide a food mix dispensing mechanism for repetitively delivering multiple amounts of a plastic conglomerate mass to associated receptacle means therefor, such as the successively presented banks of molds of a conventional frozen confection forming machine, which dispensing mechanism incorporates means for maintaining the conglomerate mix in a condition of plastic flow, means for segregating and enclosing a measuredamount of the mix, and nozzle means for injectively delivering the enclosed amount of mix to receptacle means.

It is a more specific and important object of the food mix dispenser mechanism of the present invention to have the capability of automatically and successively feeding measured amounts of the food mix, wherein the mix is plastic or semisolid in nature and contains fragile food particles such as puffed or toasted cereals, nut meats or the like, without substantial destruction or compression of the fragile particles, and to effect such feeding at high throughput rates consistent with the production speeds normally attainable by conventional food product forming equipment.

It is a related object and advantage of the present invention to provide dispenser mechanism for plastic food mixes, particularly solid'particle entrained plastic food mixes, wherein the dispenser mechanism comprises a reciprocating plunger assembly on carriage means in turn cyclically reciprocated to cause nozzle means associated with such plunger assembly to physically enter into and be progressively withdrawn from mold type receptacle means during each mix injection cycle of the nozzle means.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, appended claims and annexed drawing.

Referring to the drawing wherein like reference characters designate like parts throughout the several views:

FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic side elevational view of a typical assemblage of equipment incorporating the mechanism of the present invention, such equipment including a mixer arranged to discharge into the dispensing device of the invention, which in turn is arranged to discharge into the traveling molds of a conventional automated frozen stick confection machine;

FIG. 2 is a view of a preferred from of the dispensing mechanism with some parts thereof appearing in side elevation, and with other parts thereof appearing in vertical section, taken substantially along line A-A of FIG. 5, such view showing both the nozzle carriage and the piston assembly in retracted positions relative to the molds of the frozen stick confection machine;

FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, with the piston assembly still retracted, but with the nozzle carriage fully extended so as to place the nozzles relatively deeply into a set of molds in position to be filled;

FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIGS. 2 and 3, but showing the nozzle carriage in a stage of retraction and the piston assembly in a stage of extension;

FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the dispensing mechanism, wit certain foreground portions thereof broken away for the purpose of exposing certain other portions of the mechanism which are normally shielded from view by such foreground portions, and with the hopper being shown in oblique section, taken substantially along line 5-5 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken through the mechanism perpendicularly to the plane of nozzle movement, and substantially along line 8-8 of FIG. 2, such view showing the reciprocatory valve plate in an open position and some of the form, a central island member that is secured to and movable with the nozzle carriage and mounts a secured displacement needle for forming a cavity in the molded product;

Plastic or conglomerate food product mixes utilized in practice of the invention can include as part thereof certain particulatedsolids and also an uncookedfluid binding agent which is in solid state at roomtemperature and which is in fluid state when heated to temperatures at and above about body temperature. Considered collectively, the food product .FIG. isa fragmentary side elevational view of. the as- V sembly of FIG. 9, showing both the piston and the nozzle in theirextended positions;

FIG. H is a view taken from the same aspect as FIG. 9, but of only the nozzle region of FIG. 9, such view showing the forked piston in a'sta'ge of retraction, and further showing the split or forked construction of the nozzle and a modified form of displacement needle;

7 FIG. 12 is a view of a stick confection manufactured by equipment including the nozzle and piston equipped dispenser depicted by FIGS. 9-11; and

F l6. I3 is a schematic diagram of a typical pneumatic operating and control system for the dispenser mechanism illustrated. c

In FIG. 1 a conventional Vitaline Model 6 frozen confection forming machine (selected by way of example to illustrate typ-' ical practice of the invention) is generally designated at V and includes a main conveyor assembly comprising a laterally spaced pair of main conveyor chains C which carry a series of frozenconfection mix frozen in the molds M at the end of the mix selected to illustrate an operating example of the method aspects of the invention includes what may be termed a milk mix portion and a solids mix" portiomwherein the milk mix" contains the following constituents:

26.00 vegetable oils (flow point 96F.) 28.80 sucrose sugar v 14.60 nonfat milk solids 0.40 flavoring (Vanilla) 0.20 lecithin 1 70.00 total and wherein such solids mix" contains the following: 20.00 crisp rice (expanded). The above milk mix typical -of what is known in the trade as Confectioners Compound Coating, was heated to a controlled temperature of about 100F., and pumped into the inlet conduit 20 of the mixer A and the solids mix was metered into the mixerA by feed from the hoppers D D D thereof, with all portions of the mixer A being maintained at a temperature of about 110F. to 130F. Delivery of the mixed ingredients from the mixer A to thedispenser mechanism F' by action of conveyor 12 is regulated to maintain the level of the mix in the hopper 22 of the dispenser. F at a desired level, and the mix retaining elements of the dispenser F in contact with the mix are in like manner maintained at an elevated temperature of about 1 10F; to about 130F. so that the conglomerate mix as it is discharged from the nozzles 66 into the molds M of the Vitaline equipment is in a plastic condition, and at a temconjunction with the Vitaline equipment, as discussed in detail course of travel thereof through the brine tank T, vertically.

reciprocated .defrost tank means R heats. the moldsand releases the molded products from the molds M, and the molded products are separated'from the molds M by an associated-vertically reciproeated extractor bar E engaging. the

embedded sticks and. lifting theprotlucts out of the molds M by movement of the extractor barE through an upward str0ke..The extractor bar carrying the sticks and formed products then meshes into an extractor bar conveyorG which then moves the formed products to an optional and convenhereinafter, principally in connection with the sequencing control diagrams presented at FIGS. 8 and 13, with the result that each of the molds M is substantially filled with the plastic conglomerate food product mix, being in effect injected or extruded thereinto by the feeder F; Progressive operation of the Vitaline equipment then conveys each successive mold bank into :the brine tank T which is maintained at a temperature suitable for the selected production rate ofthe equipment. As

, the molds M and the brine tank '1' need not be below freezing,

tional dip coater station I and then to an optional dry coater station J, which suitably can involve a dry coater such as disclosed and claimed in my US. Pat. No. 3,307,517. At the discharge end of the extractor bar conveyor G in the upper conveyor section of the equipment, the products are released from the extractor bars by a tripping mechanism (not shown), whereupon the products fall into bags in a bagger assembly. B and are thereafter conveyed to a packaging station P.

In general terms, to the extent such need be now considered for an understanding of the invention, there is also shown in FIG. 1 a plastic or semisolid food product mixer A and dispenser mechanism F. Mixer A comprises a heated, screw conveyor type blenderl2 mixing solidingredient inputs from dispensers D,, D D: with the fluid binder ingredients being delivered through conduit 20, the resulting mix being discharged to hopper 22 of the dispenser mechanism P, which in turn also comprises a bank of outlet nozzles 66 through but is optimally below freezing, at about minus 10F. for cxample, for realizing optimum product production rates. Experimentation has shown that the solidification or "setting time of the above-selected conglomerate food mix, in relation to the temperature in the brine tankT, has been observed to be as follows for molds having a volume of three fluid ounces:

. 'Mix solid Temperature: after, min. 72F. (room temp) 20 55F. (water cooling) 10 40F. (chilled water) 8 30F. (brine cooling) 6 0T. (brine cooling) 5 -10F. (brine cooling) gt 30F. (brine cooling)- tank T as conventionally employed in the Vitaline model 6, the solidified molded food products are retained in the cooling section of the equipment longer than the 4 minutes indicated, and it will be readily understood that such equipment could either be shortened or the speed of operation thereof increased, with corresponding increase in production, if desired. In an actual production run during which the solidified products course the brine tank T and emerge therefrom approximately 7'/2 minutes after filling, and with hot water circulating through the defrost tanks R at about l20F.-F., the formed products were released from the molds M in like manner as is characteristic of frozen product release, and then manipulated through the dip coating station H heated to 140F., wherein a chocolate compound coating (formulated with fractionated cocoanut oil) was applied, after which an air jet was directed briefly down around each formed product to remove the excess coating. Because of the latent and relatively low temperature of the formed products the coating solidified quickly, i.e., within l5--25 seconds. Prior to complete solidification of the dip coating, a dry coating of nut meats or the like can be applied at dry coater station J, following which the formed products are discharged to bagger B and packaging station P in the usual manner.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the mixer A is schematically shown to include an elevated trough 10. The end of trough 10 distal the dispenser F is closed, and the opposite end, which is proximal and above the feeder F, is open. An elongated rotary, ribbon screw type blender 12 is located in the trough l0, and is supported for rotation by means including a shaft 14. The shaft 14 is shown to project through, and extend outwardly beyond, the closed end of trough 10. The shaft 14, and in turn the blender 12, may be rotated by a motor 16, drivingly connected to the projecting end portion of the shaft 14 by a chain and sprocket or belt and pulley transmission 18, for example. The blender 12 comprises both mixing paddles and cut-folded screw vanes adapted to move the mixture from the closed to the open end of the trough 10, as illustrated.

In the example above discussed, the binder ingredient exists as a solid at room or ambient temperature and melts at a temperature substantially above ambient. As previously explained, the binder ingredient is heated until it is a liquid or at least a flowable plastic capable of mixing with and adhering to the usually dry particulate material. While in such liquid or flowable plastic state, the binder ingredient is delivered to the trough 10 by a conduit 20, and may be merely spilled into the trough 10, near the closed end thereof. The principle particulate ingredient, which may be dry puffed grain particles, for example, may be dispensed in measured amounts into the trough 10 by means of a dispenser D having a discharge portion situated closely adjacent the outlet end of conduit 20. A suitable dispenser D, includes a hopper and a vibrator unit or an equivalent mechanism for moving the material from the hopper into the trough 10. Additional dispensers D D of the same or similar type may be used for delivering additional particulate ingredients into the trough, as will hereinafter be explained in some detail.

The trough 10 includes hollow wall portions (i.e., a jacket) through which hot water or steam may be circulated for the purpose of maintaining the ingredients at a proper temperature and consistency for mixing, and for maintaining the resulting mix in a flowable plastic state. As illustrated, the mix may merely spill out from the open end of trough l0 and free fall into the hopper 22 of the feeder F.

In some installations it may be desirable to locate the trough 10, the feed pipe 22 and the dispensers D,, (and D D etc.) down close to the floor, so that they can be tended by an operator standing on the floor. In such installations the mix would be caught at the discharge end of trough 10 by a suitable elevating means, adapted for elevating and dumping the mix into the hopper 22 of the feeder F.

The dispenser apparatus F of the present invention is an accessory for, but is preferably a self-contained unit separate from, the frozen confection forming machine, whether it be a Vitaline type machine V or a different type. The dispenser F' is shown to includeits own floor supported base 28 and a transfer mechanism supported by said base 28. The base 28 ineludes wheels or casters 30, so that it can be easily rolled into and away from its position of use. Preferably, it also includes a set of vertically adjustable anchor legs 32. As will be evident, the legs 32 are adjusted to be above the floor when it is desired to use the casters. Then, when it is desired to fix the dispenser F in position, the legs 30 are adjusted downwardly so that they contact the floor and the casters are lifted above the floor.

The dispenser mechanism F is now specifically described. The hopper 22 is shown to be secured to, and to extend above, a reciprocating nozzle carriage 34. Carriage 34 includes a relatively thick plate 36 which serves as the bottom for the hopper 22, and is formed to include a plurality of feed rams or piston cavities 38 equal in number to number of molds M in each mold set or bank of the Vitaline machine V. The disposition or attitude of plate 36 is such that each ram cavity 38 is coaxially related to an associated mold M at the filling station of the Vitaline machine V.

By way of typical and therefore nonlimitive example, the nozzle carriage 34 is shown to be supported for reciprocal movement relative to its frame 40 by means of a pair of track and roller assemblies. In FIGS. 2-4, 6 and 7 the tracks are shown to be formed by the lower flanges 42 of a pair of channel members 44 secured along the side marginal portions of the plate 36. The rollers 46 are supported by short axles secured to the side walls 48 of the frame 40.

The carriage 34 is reciprocated by a piston-cylinder typefluid motor 50. In the illustrated embodiment, the cylinder 52 is secured to a fixed strut 54 interconnected between the walls 48 below the carriage 34, and the piston 56 is secured to a support plate 58 which in turn is secured to, and depends below, the carriage plate 36.

As previously mentioned, and as illustrated by FIGS. 2-7, the ram cavities 38 are preferably recesses formed in the upper part of the carriage plate 36. The cavities 38 are shown to be generally rectangular in cross section, and to each be in parallelism with the others. A flat rectangular bar 60 bridges across the cavities 38 at the nozzle end of the carriage, and a similar bar 62 bridges across the cavities 38 at the opposite end of the carriage. The hopper 22 may be secured to the carriage by a plurality of bolts, some of which are designated 64. These bolts extend first through front and rear lower flange portions 63, 65 of the hopper 22, then through the bridge plates 60, 64, and then anchor in the carriage plate 36.

A nozzle 66 is associated with each ram cavity 38. The nozzles 66 have flanged base portions which are secured to the front edge portion of the carriage plate 36, such as by bolts (not shown). Each nozzle possesses a central passageway which is substantially identical in cross-sectional size and shape to the tunnel portions of its cavity 38, below the bridge bars 60, 62.

As best shown by FIGS. 2, 4 and 5, the side rails or channels 44 of the carriage extend rearwardly a substantial distance (and in parallelism) from the carriage plate 36, and are interconnected at their rear ends by a transverse cross tie 68, also shown to be of channel form. The channels 44, in their extent rearwardly of thecarriage plate 36, and the rear channel 68 together define a closed frame which supports and guides a reciprocating feed ram assembly.

Referring specifically to FIGS. 2-5, the feed ram assembly is shown to comprise a rear placed transverse tie bar 70. A sliding guide block 72 is secured at each end of the tie bar and is sized to fit snugly between the upper and lower flanges of the channels 44. The tie bar constitutes a rear mount for a set of rams 74. Each ram 74 is sized to snugly fit within its recess 38, including in the tunnel areas thereof, below the bridge bars 60, 62. The rams 74 are long enough so that the forward portions thereof are always retained in the rear tunnel areas below the rear bridge bar 62, even when the ram assembly is in its rearmost position. The rear portion of each FIG. 6-shows the piston 96 retracted, the

' closure bars 98, 86; in closed position over thecavities 38.

V Hopper is provided'with means for maintaining themix olid particles is avoided.

ram 74 may be secured to the tie bar 70 by a bolt 76, for example.

The rams 74 are' reciprocally moved axially through the cavities 38, and relative to the carriage, by means-of a pistoncylinder type fluid motor 78. in the illustrated embodiment (FIGS. 2-4, for example), the cylinder is secured-to'acentral lowerbottom portion of the carriage plate 36, and'the piston 82 is secured to a lower central portion of tie. bar 70.

- As best shown by FIGS. 5 and 6, the cavities'38 are of upwardly opening channel form; they are open topped and open into the hopper 22. A closure plate 86 is provided to close the open tops of the cavities '38 during the periodsof piston ad-y vancement Plate 8:6"has'a'continuous border portion and includes a generally rectangular, closed ended cutout for each cavity 38. Plate 86 isoftsubstantially the same thicknessa's the bridge bars 60, 6 2, and is mounted for reciprocal movement. transversely of, the cavities, in the space defined front'to.

rearbythe bridge bars 62 and belowbythe carriage plate 36.{ An exposed end portionof plate '86projectsoutw'ardly from a side tunnel area formed vertically by carriage 36 and a sidej'flange88 of hopper 22. Plate'h86-is reciprocated by a piston-cylinder-type fluid motor 90,1comprising a cylinder 92 C secured to the free end of a support arm 94, which in'tum'is Y cantilevered'from channel 44 (FIG. 7), and a piston secured to a central edge portion of the plate 86.

. therecesses 38. Thus, pistons 74 are extended they..

I do not fQrce'the' mix against converging nozzle walls which Models 6 and 8 found in the 6-5 63-75 Vitaline Model 6 Service Manual publishedb'yvitafreae Equipment, Inc., Sacra- -mento,'Califomia). During the initial portion of dwell periods of the mold carrying conveyor C, valve 102 communicates air supply line l04'with a controlline 106, extending from valve 102 tothe operators (not shown) of the components or opi r The border portions 86' of plate 86, and the bar portions 5 thereof between the cutouts, formindividual closures for the cavities 38.-Such closures may have beveled side edges that slope inwardly from the bottom up, so as to form entrances into the cutouts whicharejwider than the top openings of the cavities 38, forthe purpose of facilitating gravitation of the ,mix into cavities 38. A fixed closure bar 100 may be secured between hopper 22'a nd carriage plate '36.

I t V closure bars 9 8,1 86' positioned over the ridge or raised portions of plate 36,

situated between the recesses 38, and the cutoutin plate 86 aligned'with the recesses 1 38, and forming funnel-like entrances' thereforLFlG. 7 shows the piston 96 extended and the I therein at aproper temperature and consistency for injection orextrusion through the nozzles 66. Preferably, heating means is incorporated inboth the walls and-bottom of the hopper 22; In FIGS. 2-7, 9 and 10,.the walls of hopper n'are shown to be in water. jacket formythey comprise spaced apart panels 22, 22" defining an innetspace betweenthem' through which a heated 'fluid,,e.g.,-hot.water or. steam is circulated Carriage plate 36 is shown to include passageways 37 for a circulating heated fluid medium. Alternatively, electric heating means *tion of the Vitaline machine V, the feed rams 74 in retracted- As the start may be incorporated into the walls of the hopper Hand/or .the carriage plate'36. Also, an immersed type of heaterirnay be used. I

In operation of the equipment above described, a, heated 4 binder material (e.g., of a type that is solid at roomtemperature and melts at-about body temperature) is delivered tional accessories of the Vitaline machine which operate during the conveyor dwell periods, such asthe defrost apparatus,

' the stick insertion cylinder, the conventionalvitaline liquid mix filler (designated 'F in FIG. 1), and a dry coater. During the final portion of the conveyor. dwell periods, and during movement of the conveyors, valve 102 vents control line 106 to the atmosphere, via an exhaust port 108.

The illustrated form of pneumatic operation and control circuitry for the dispenser F includes a supply conduit 110 leading from a source of compressed air, such as a main trunk 112 leadingfrom an air'compressor (not shown). Supply conduit 110 includes an off-on valve 114, a variable orifice, regulated pressure controlled, pressure regulator 116, a vapor trap 118, v

and an oiler 120. ln MG. 8 the pistons 56 and 82 'ofcarriage actuator 50 and feed ram actuator 78, respectively, are shown in extended positions, and piston 96 of closure plate actuator 78 is shown in a retracted position, This'corresponds to the positions of these parts shown in FlGS.- 2 and 6, and places the feeder car riage 34 in its retracted position, baclt'away from the fill stapositions, and closure plate 86in its piston-cavity open position; 1'

ofa dwell period of the Vitaline mold conveyor C, pressurized airfrom Yitaline line 106 is communicated via feeder control line 122 with the left end (as pictured) of spool 124 of control valve 126. The opposite end of 'spool 124 is subjected to atmospheric pressure, the communication to atmosphere being made through controlline 128 and exhuast port 130 of a first limit valve 132. The higher pressure in line l22-moves spool 124 to the right (as-pictured), communicating supplyconduit 110 withthe .rod side of piston 56 in cylinder 52. The opposite or bareside of piston 56 is vented to the atmosphere via control line 134 and exhaust port 136 of valve 126. As piston 56 moves to the left-(as pictured), and is retracted into its cylinder 52, the tiller carriage is extended,

- through conduit 20 into trough l0 and admixed thereinwith fragile particles ofa s'olidor semisolid food substance (e.g.,'

dried cereals) delivered into trough why one or more of the dispensers D D,, D,. Therblending screw 12Yfolds'the components of the, mix, and in that manner mixes them thoroughly, but'does not crush thesoiid or semisolid food particles. In this respect, the nonrestricted discharge of the mix.

from trough. l0-is important, 'Since the outlet of t'rough 10. is in no way restricted, no back pressure is developed which would i tend to resist movement of the mix. toward such out et, and

ofthe frsgilersolid or 'semishence compaction and crushing Dispenser F. also handles and dispenses the mix in a way such that there is-no compaction and substantia lly'nocrushing of the solid. or semisolid particles. The rnixfreely gravitates into the recesses 38. Valve plate 98 does not crush the solid or semisolid particles asit moves because the mix is free, to move with it. The nozzle passageways are at least the same size as f molds it contacts'and depresses operator 138 of a limit valve 140 forming a part of a safetyint'erlock circuit. Valve 140 is in placing nozzles 66 in the molds M then at the fill station of the Vitaline machine. a

When filler carriage 34 is in itsretracted position away from series in the Vitaiine signal circuit which supplies pressurized air to cause advancement of mold conveyor C. Aslong as operator 138 is depressed Vitalinecontrol line 144 is in communication (through valve 140) with the Vitaline control line 144, and the Vitaline advance signal circuit, is completed.

However, when operator 138 is released it-moves'upwardly, shuts off communication between lines 142 and 144, and 70 vents line 142 to the'atmosphere via exhaust port l46. As-long as line 142 is vented to the atmosphere, the control means thatwo'uld advance the Vitaline conveyor C is inoperative. Hence, advancement of the Vitaline conveyor C is prevented until the tiller carriage 34 once again. returns to its retracted (i.e., FIG.

' 2) position. i

When filler carriage 34 is fully extended, and nozzles 66 are in the molds M, the carriage 34 contacts and depresses operator 148 of limit valve 132. This communicates supply manifold 1 with control line 128 leading to the right end (as pictured) of valve spool 124. At this point of time. the Vitaline advancedwell valve 102 has functioned to vent control line 106, 122 to the atmosphere, and thus valve spool 124 is moved to the left by the higher pressure in control line 128. This puts control line 151 and the rod side of piston 56 in communication with the atmosphere through exhaust port 152, and both the bare side of piston 56 and the rod side of piston 82 are put in communication with the supply manifold 110 via control lines 134,

.150, respectively. As a result, the filler carriage 34 commences to back up or retract at the same time the feed pistons or rams 74 commence to advance, resulting in the mix being fed into the molds M concurrently with nozzle withdrawal from the molds M (FIG. 4).

As the piston carriage 70, 74 leaves its retracted position it releases operator 156 of limit valve 158, putting ,control line 160 in communicationwith the atmosphere via exhaust port 162 of valve 158, and blocking flow into valve 158 via supply manifold 110. At this point both ends of valve spool 164 of control valve 166 are vented to the atmosphere. The pressure on spool 164 is equalized, and it stays to the right side of valve 7 v 166 in the position illustrated.

When the feed ram assembly 70, 74 reaches the end of its advancement, it contacts and depresses operator 168 of limit valve 170. As operator l68'movcs inwardly it functions to communicate supply manifold 110 with control line 172, and in turn the right end of valve spool 164, at a time when the left-hand side thereof is still vented to the atmosphere. Valve spool 164 is moved to the left by the pressure'differential, resulting in supply manifold 110 being put into communication with control line 174 leading to the rod side of piston 96, and control lines 176, 178 being vented to the atmosphere via exhaust port 180 of valve 166. Piston 96 is retracted and moves closure plate 86 to a cavity open position (FIG. 6). The piston cavities are closed during advancement of the rams 74, retraction of the till carriage, and dispensing or extrusion of the mix.

As illustrated, control lines 134, 150, 151, 174, 176 and 178 are provided with variable orifice flow regulators 184, 185, 186, 187, 188 and 190, respectively. Control line 174 is vented to the atmosphere through exhaust port 182 or valve 166 when spool 164 is positioned as illustrated. Filler control lines 122, 142 and 144 may be connected'to their corresponding parts of the Vitaline circuitry by coupling means 192, 194, 196, respectively.

In the dispenser mechanism embodiment of FIGS. 2-8 the feed rams 74 can be advanced substantially completely through the nozzles 66. Feed rams 74 are preferably constructed of metal except at the free ends thereof, whereat a Teflon or similar plastic tip is provided. Such end portion may be secured to the free ends of the pistons in the same manner as the portions of the split pistons illustrated by FIGS. 9-11, and described below.

Referring now to FIGS. 9- 11, the various feeder parts illustrated thereby are in most respects the same as those illustrated by and described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-8, with the exception of the construction and operation of the feed rams.

The feed rams 74' are of split or forked construction, and comprise at least a pair of tines 198, 200. The space between the tines 198, 200 is filled by a spacer or island member 202 that is secured to the carriage plate 36. In this form the nozzles 66 are shorter than the nozzles 66, and enter only a short distance into the molds M. However, the fixed island member 202 mounts a tapered prong 204 which does enter a substantial distance into the mold M. The prong 204, which is preferably fabricated from or coated with a nonsticking material such as Teflon, functions to preventa complete filling of the mold M by the mix from hopper 22, so that a cavity remains, where prong 204 once was, after such prong is a different but compatible food composition, as will hereinafter be explained in greater detail. Cavity forming prong 204 may be of a gradually tapering rectangular form, as illustrated by FIGS. 9 and 10, or it may be of a gradually tapering rounded form (FIG.11). Also it need not be centrally located, as illustrated, and a plurality of prongs may be provided. For securing it to the island member 202, the prong 204 (or prongs) may include a threaded root 205 mateable with a threaded socket formed in the end of member 202. The free ends of the tines 198, 200, may be provided with plastic tips 198', 200', e.g., Teflon, and such tips 198', 200 may be secured to the secured to the tines 198, 200 by a locking mortiseand tenon joint, for example.

vA typical pneumatic control and operation system for the dispenser mechanism F (FIGS. 9-11) is next described, in conjunction with FIG. 13 of the drawing. As before, at the beginning of a dwell period of the Vitaline mold conveyor C, compressed air is delivered through line 122 and moves spool 124 of valve 126 to the left, the control line 172 on the opposite end of spool 124 from control line 122 being vented to the atmosphere via exhaust port 171 of limit valve 170. The pressurized air in conduit is then channeled through valve 126 into conduit 151 and against the rod side of the piston 56, causing piston 56 to be moved into cylinder 52, and the carriage 34 to be extended toward the fill station, placing the nozzles 66 in the molds M at the fill station. When carriage 34 leaves its retracted position the operator 130 of valve is released, and the safety interlock is put into operation as before. When carriage 34 is fully advanced it contacts and depresses operator 148 of limit valve 132, and this communicates supply conduit 110 with control conduit 128 leading ,to the right end (as pictured) of the control spool 164 for control valve 166. The opposite end of spool 164 is vented to the atmosphere via conduit 162 and exhaust port 171 of valve 170. Hence, spool 164 is moved to the left, putting supply conduit 110 into communication with both control line leading to the rod side of piston 82, and control line 174 leading to the bare side of closure plate piston 96. Piston 82 is retracted and piston 96 is extended, causing simultaneous advancement of the feed rams 74 and closure of the ram cavities by closure member 86. When the rams 74 have been fully advanced (FIGS. 9 and 10) member 70 contacts and depresses operator 168 of limit valve 170, and this communicates supply conduit 110 with control line 172. At this. point of time the Vitaline advance-dwell valve 102 has functioned to vent Vitaline control line 106, and hence feeder control line 122, to the atmosphere via exhaust port 108. Thus, the higher pressure in control line 172 functions to move valve spool 124 of valve 126 and valve spool 164 of valve 166 to the right and into the positions pictured in FIG. 13. This move reverses the direction of pressure differential on piston 56, causing the feed carriage 34' to retract. Then, once operator'l48 is released, the direction of pressure differential on pistons 92 and 82 is reversed and simultaneously there is an extension of piston 82, and hence a retraction of the rams 74', and an opening of the closure plate 86.

By way of typical and therefore nonlimitive example, FIG; 12 shows a stick-embedded, nonrefrigerated food product manufactured by the disclosed equipment. It is shown to comprise a main body portion 206, which may be a solidified mixture of dried cereal and suitable binder (of the type heretofore described), for example, and a core (e,g., a caramel) of a different food material into which a stick or handle 210 is embedded.

Referring to FIGS. 9-11, when carriage 36 is fully advanced the nozzles 66' extend part way into the molds M, and the prong 204 (or 204) extends a substantial distance into the mold M. The position of prong 204 remains fixed as the rams 74' are advanced. Thus, the mix from hopper 22 is injected into the mold M in the space surrounding and forwardly of the prong 204. The mix is stiff enough that a cavity is left when the prong 204 is withdrawn from the mold M as the carriage 34' is stick or handle'2l0 the cavities left by the prongs 204 during another dwell and at another station between ,the fill and stick insertion stations} In addition to addingmoreflavor to theproductFP, the core material 208 may function as a cement for firmly securing the to 'the main ingredient 2060f the food 7 product F P.

From the foregoing discussions of equipmentconstruction characteristic of the invention, various further modifications and adaptations thereof'will occur to those skilled in the art to which the invention is addressed.

, it will be understood the product delivery nozzles can be arranged vertically when-the dispenser apparatus is utilized with an equipment involving an essentially horizontal path of travel of the molds, such as the-Gram-type automated'confection' forming equipment. The dispenser mechanism of the invention can also be formed as an integral part of the confection respect to the. configuration'of the closurepl'ate-and component closure bars for enclosing the ram cavities, the configuration of the closure bars can take any desired form, such as a reversal of the slope ofthe edges thereof from the form shown. As a further variation with respect to how the, product mix can be segregated in theram cavities, the ram cavities if desired can be of essentially cylindrical form, Operated in conjunction with rotatable closure sleeves in lieu of, a reciprocated closure plate.

As to applications of the type of dispenser mechanism herein disclosed, and with respect to use thereof in conjuncclosed in Anhanger et al. Pat. No. 3,203,037, or to a se-,

ries of trays.

lclaim: t

l. A food mix dispenser, comprising:

a carriage including means forming at least one elongated piston cavity; a tubular nozzle having generally the same cross-sectional areaas and" extending axiallyjfrom one end of said piston cavity;

wall means secured to and extending generally upwardly from said carriage, and defining a hopper therewith; a piston entering into said cavity from the end thereof opposite said nozzle; v

means for reciprocally moving said carriage, said nozzle,

said hopper and said piston as an assembly and along a line coincident with the longitudinal axis of the cavity;

and 7 1 A means for reciprocally moving said piston relative to said carriage, said nozzle and said hopper, andaxially through said cavity. v

2. A food mix dispenseraccording to claim 1, wherein the piston cavity is open on to the hopper, and the'dispenser further comprises closure means movabl'e to close the opening of said piston cavity, and meansfor'moving said closure means to close the opening of said piston cavity while thepiston is being extended, and then removing said closure means from its closure position once the piston begins to retract.

3. A food mixdispenser according to claim 1, further including'meuns for heating the food mass incorporated in at least a portion of said hopper.-

4. A food mix dispenser according to claim 1, wherein said means for moving said carriage, nozzle, hopper and piston as an assembly comprises a fixed frame, bearing and guide means mounting said carriage for reciprocal movement on said frame, and 'fluid motor means interconnected between said frame and said carriage, and wherein said means for moving said piston relative to 'said' carriage includes fluid motor means interconnected between said piston and said carriage.

5. A food mix dispenser, comprising:

a carriage including means forming at least one elongated piston'cavity;'a tubular nozzle extendingaxially from one endof said piston cavity; v V

wall means secured to and extending generally upwardly from said carriage, and defining a hopper therewith said carriage including a generally'flat plate forming awall of the hopper, and said piston cavitycomprising a recess in saidplatewhichis substantially completely open on the side thereof facing the interior of the hopper;

a substantiallyflat closure plate movable over the open side of said piston cavity to cover same; a piston enteringinto said cavity from the end thereof opposite said nozzle; means for reciprocally moving said carriage, said nozzle,

- said hopper and said piston. as an assembly and along a line coincident with the longitudinal axis of the cavity;

means for reciprocally movingsaid piston relative to said carriage, said nozzle and said ho'ppenand axially through said cavity; and means for moving said closure plate over said side opening anddetaining it there while the piston is being extended,

\ and then removing said closure means from said position over said side opening after thepiston has been at least through the piston cavity and at least part way into the nozzle,

andis affixed to the. carriage, and wherein the piston is of forked construction and includes a tine disposed on each side of each island member, with the tines and the island member(s) substantially completely filling the piston cavity when the piston is extended, and with the-piston cavity being vacated by the tines when the piston is retracted, so that some of the food mass can gravitate into the spaces previously occupied by the tines, and said dispenser further includes a displacement member secured to thenozzle end of each island member and projecting thence, endwise outwardly, generally axially of the nozzle. a

7. A food mix dispenser according to claim 6, wherein each displacement member includes a shank at its inner end, and a socket for receiving said shank is formed in the nozzle end of each island member.

- 8. A food mix dispenser according to claim 6; wherein each piston receptacles; a tubular nozzle extending axially from one endof each said piston receptacle; hopper side wall means secured to and extending generally upwardly from said lower wall means, and defining a hoppertherewith, with each piston receptacle having a side opening facing 'into said hopper;

means for reciprocally moving said pistons in unison axially through the piston receptacles; closure means movable over the side opening of each piston cavity to cover same, generally perpendicular to the direction of piston movement; and means for moving said closure means over said side openings and detaining same there while the pistonis being extended, and then removing said closure means from said position over said side openings once the pistons have been at least partially retracted.

11. A plastic food mix dispenser according to claim 10, further including means for supporting and moving the hopper, the piston receptacle, the nozzles and the pistons for reciprocal movement as an assembly, along a path generally coincident with the longitudinal axes of the piston receptacles.

12. A plastic food mix dispenser according to claim 11,

wherein said means for supporting and moving said hopper,

said piston receptacles, said nozzles, and said pistons as an assembly comprises a fixed frame, track and bearing means mounting said assembly on said frame, and fluid motor means interconnected between said frame and said assembly.

13. A food mix dispenser according to claim 10, wherein at least one elongated island member extends longitudinally through each piston receptacle and at least part way into at the associated nozzle, and wherein the piston is of forked construction and includes a tine disposed on each side of each island member, with the tines and the island member(s) substantially completely filling the piston receptacle when the piston is extended, and with the piston receptacle being vacated by the tines when the piston is retracted, so that some of the food mass can gravitate into the spaces previously occupied by the tines, and said dispenser further includes a displacement member secured to the nozzle end of each island member and projecting thence endwise outwardly, generally axially of the nozzle.

14. A food mix dispenser according to claim 13, wherein each displacement member includes a shank at its inner end, and a socket for receiving said shank is formed in the nozzle end of the associated island member.

15. A food mix dispenser according to claim 13, wherein each said displacement member tapers generally from its point of attachment to the associated island member outwardly to a relatively sharp apex.

16. A food mix dispenser according to claim 13, comprising plural island members with a tine disposed at each side of each island member.

17. A food mix dispenser, comprising:

a carriage including means forming at least one elongated piston cavity; a tubular nozzle extending axially from one end of said piston cavity;

wall means secured to and extending generally upwardly from said carriage, and defining a hopper therewith, said carriage including a generally planar plate forming the bottom of said hopper, said piston cavity being a recess in said plate;

a piston entering into said cavity from the end thereof opposite said nozzle;

means for reciprocally moving said carriage, said nozzle, said hopper and said piston as an assembly and along a line coincident with the longitudinal axis of the cavity; and

means for reciprocally moving said piston relative to said carriage, said nozzle and said hopper, and axially through said cavity.

18. A food mix dispenser, comprising:

a carriage including means forming at least one elongated piston cavity;

a tubular nozzle extending axially from one end of said piston cavity;

wall means secured to and extending generally upwardly from said carriage, and defining a hopper therewith;

a piston entering into said cavity from the end thereof opposite said nozzle;

a fixed frame, track and roller means mounting said carriage on said frame, and fluid motor means interconnected between said frame and said carriage for reciprocally moving said carriage, nozzle, hopper and piston as an assembly and along a line coincident with the longitudinal axis of the cavity; and

means for reciprocally moving said piston relative to said carriage, said nozzle and said hopper, and axially through said cavity. 

